📝 Description
This study material provides a detailed practical procedure for the determination of total hardness of a water sample using EDTA complexometric titration. It covers the principle of water hardness, preparation of standard EDTA solution, use of NH₃–NH₄Cl buffer and Eriochrome Black T indicator, titration procedure, endpoint detection, observations, and calculations. The hardness of water is expressed as ppm of CaCO₃.